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Intel - Religion -
Islam - Wives of the Prophet

"In God we trust.
All others we monitor."

Banu Hashim tribe
Life: 555 - 619
Married: 594 - 619

• At the age of 25, Muhammad married a woman named Khadijah who was 40 years old at the time and the marriage lasted for 25 years until her death.
•  She was the first woman he married and his only wife until she died.
• This marriage is described as "long" and "happy," and he relied upon Khadija in many ways.
• Their sons were Qasim and Abd-Allah (who was nicknamed al Tahir and al Tayyib).

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• Their daughters were Zainab, Ruqaiya, Umm Kulthum and Fatimah.
• However, there is a dispute over the genealogy of Khadijah's daughters as Shia scholars view them as born from previous marriages.
• During their marriage, Muhammad asked Khadija to buy Zaid bin Haritha, a slave up for sale.
• Upon purchase he adopted the young man as his son.

Quraish tribe
Life: - 674
Married: 620 - 632

• She was of the Quraish tribe on her father's side.
• According to the traditions, she migrated to Abyssinia with her first husband, after being persecuted by the Polytheists of Mecca.
• Her husband died when the couple returned to Mecca.

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• Muhammad married her in Shawwal, in the tenth year of His Prophethood, a year after the death of Khadijah.
• She was much older than Muhammad.

Banu Taym sub-clan of the Quraysh tribe
Life: - 678
Married: - 632

• In Islamic writings, she is thus often referred to by the title "Mother of the Believers"
• She is quoted as source for many hadith, sacred traditions about the prophet Muhammad's life, with Muhammad's personal life being the topic of most narrations.
• She narrated 2210 hadiths out of which 316 hadiths are mentioned in both Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim.
• Aisha was the daughter of Um Ruman and Abu Bakr of Mecca.
• British historian William Montgomery Watt suggests that Muhammad hoped to strengthen his ties with Abu Bakr.
• According to the traditional sources, Aisha was six or seven years old when betrothed to Muhammad.
• She stayed in her parents' home until the age of nine, when the marriage was consummated.
• During Muhammad's last illness, he sought Aisha's apartments and died with his head in her lap.
• Many of the learned companions of the Prophet and their followers benefitted from Aa’ishah's knowledge. Abu Musa al-Ash’ari [RA] once said: "If we companions of the Messenger of Allaah had any difficulty on a matter, we asked Aa'ishah about it."

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• Aisha never remarried after Muhammad's death.
• After Muhammad's death in 632 AD, Aisha's father, Abu Bakr, became the first caliph, or leader of the Muslims.
• Historians see Aisha as a learned woman, who tirelessly recounted stories from the life of Muhammad and explained Muslim history and traditions.
• She is considered to be one of the foremost scholars of Islam's early age with some historians accrediting up to one-quarter of the Islamic Sharia (Islamic religious law), based on the collection of hadiths, to have stemmed from her narrations.
• Aisha became the most prominent of Muhammad’s wives and is revered as a role model by millions of women.
• Feminist writers such as Haleh Afshar have argued that Aisha provided a role model for women's political participation in Islamic communities
• Aa'ishah [RA] is one of four persons who transmitted more than two thousand sayings.

Life: 606 - 665
Married: 626 - 632

• Hafsa was the daughter of Umar and wife of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and therefore a Mother of the Believers.
• With this marriage, Muhammad strengthened his ties to Umar, who now became his father-in-law.
• According to Islamic tradition, Hafsa had memorized the Qur'an.

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• The copy of Zayd ibn Thabit which was recorded by the instructions of Abu Bakr was given to Hafsa.
• Uthman Ibn Affan, when he became Caliph, used Hafsa's copy when he attempted to develop a definitive text of the Qur'an.

Life:  - 624
Married: 624 - 624

• Following her husband's death at the battle of Badr (March 17, 624), Muhammed married Zaynab.
• She died eight months after the marriage.

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Life: 600 - 680
Married: 624 - 624

• Following Abdullah ibn Abdulasad’s death in the battle of Uhud she became known as Ayyin al-Arab - the one who had lost her husband.
• Umm Salama and her husband, Abd-Allah ibn Abd-al-Asad, were among the first who converted to Islam. Only Ali and a few others became Muslims before them.
• She had no family in Medina except her small children, but she was given support by both the Muhajirun and Ansar who felt they had a duty to her.
• Umm Salama died at the age of eighty four

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• When she completed the Iddah (ie. the waiting period of a woman who is either divorced, seeks an annulment or her husband dies which in this case is) four months and ten days, Abu Bakr and then Umar asked to marry her but she declined. Muhammad then approached her and she replied, "O Messenger of Allah, I have three characteristics. I am a woman who is extremely jealous and I am afraid that you will see in me something that will anger you and cause Allah to punish me. I am a woman who is already advanced in age and I am a woman who has a young family."
• Muhammad replied: "Regarding the jealousy you mentioned, I pray to Allah the Almighty to let it go away from you. Regarding the question of age you have mentioned. I am afflicted with the same problem as you. Regarding the dependent family you have mentioned, your family is my family."

First husband from the Banu Qurayza tribe
Born into the Banu Nadir tribe
Life: - 631
Married: - 631

• Rayhana was a Jewish woman from the Banu Qurayza tribe.
• According to Al-Halabi, Muhammad married and appointed dowry for her.
• It is further narrated that, upon marriage, she refused to take the hijab, causing a rift between her and Muhammad.
• The couple later reconciled.

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• She died shortly after Muhammad's hajj and was buried in Jannat al-Baqi cemetery.
• Not much is known about Rayhana; she died a year before Muhammad.

Life: 593 -
Married: - 632

• After Zaynab's divorce, Muhammad considered marrying her. As Zaynab was the former wife of Muhammad's adopted son, pre-Islamic practices belonging to a lower, communalistic level of familial institutions where a child's paternity was not definitely known, considered such a marriage to be a taboo.
• Such a view considered a biological son to be the same as an adopted one.

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• Muhammad, however, wanted to break the hold of pre-Islamic ideas over men's conduct in society.
• These ideas considered Muhammad's marriage to Zaynab as incest, as she was the former wife of his adopted son, and the adopted sons were counted the same as a biological son.
• Zaynab is the oldest woman Muhammad ever married

Life: 608 - 672
Married: 628 - 632

• She was the daughter of al-Harith ibn Abi Dirar, the chief of Banu Mustaliq, who was defeated with his tribe in a battle after a surprise attack.
• She was one of the captives taken in this campaign. She initially fell among the booty of Muhammad's companion, Thabit Al-Shammas.
• Troubled by this, Juwayriya sought a deed of redemption from Muhammad. Muhammad proposed to marry her and as a result freed her from the bondage of Thabit and consequently ameliorated the condition of her captured tribe.

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• By marrying Juwayriyya, the Banu Mustaliq would be able to enter Islam with honor, and with the humiliation of their recent defeat removed, so that it would no longer be felt necessary by them to embark on a war of vengeance that would have continued until one of the two parties had been annihilated.
• As soon as the marriage was announced, all the booty that had been taken from the Banu Mustaliq was returned, and all the captives were set free, for they were now the in laws of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).
• Thus A'isha once said of Juwayriyya, "I know of no woman who was more of a blessing to her people than Juwayriyya bint al-Harith."
• After they were married, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) changed her name was Barra to Juwayriyya.

Life: 589 - 666
Married: 628 - 632

• Her first husband, Ubayd-Allah ibn Jahsh was among the first people to accept Islam.
• Her husband, later, converted to Christianity.
• He tried to persuade her to do the same, but she held on to Islam.
• His conversion led to their divorce.
• The marriage ceremony took place in Abyssinia even though Muhammad was not present.
• Khalid ibn Said was chosen by her as her legal guardian at the ceremony.
• The Negus read out the Khutba himself, and Khalid ibn Said made a speech in reply.
• On behalf of Muhammad, the Negus offered a dowry of four hundred Dinars to Khalid.

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• A huge wedding feast was given on behalf of Muhammad after the ceremony. the Negus also sent musk and ambergris to the bride through Abraha.
• Muhammad had given no other wife a dowry larger than this.
• According to some sources, she married Muhammad one year after the Hijra, though she didn't live with him until six years later when Muhammad was sixty years old and she was thirty-five.
• Other sources claim her marriage took place in 7 A.H., at an age of 30 years.
• The marriage afforded protection to her.
• There are about sixty-five Hadith narrated by her in the Hadith literature.

Life: 610 - 672
Married: 629 - 632

• Safiyya was born in Medina to Huyayy ibn Akhtab, the chief of the Jewish tribe Banu Nadir.
• Her mother, Barra bint Samawal, was from the Banu Qurayza tribe.
• According to a source, she was married off to Sallam b. Mishkam, who later divorced her.
• In May 629, the Muslims defeated several Jewish tribes (including the Banu Nadir) at the Battle of Khaybar.
• Although the Jews put up fierce resistance, the lack of central command and their unpreparedness for an extended siege resulted in a Muslim victory.

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• The Jews surrendered, and were allowed to remain in Khaybar on the provision that they give half of their annual produce to the Muslims.
• The land itself became the property of the Muslim state.
• Some modern scholars opine that Muhammad chose to marry Safiyya, the only surviving member of Banu Nadir's ruling family, as part of reconciliation with the Jewish tribe.
• Despite her conversion, Muhammad's other wives annoyed Safiyya for her Jewish origin.
• Regarding Safiyya's Jewish descent, Muhammad once said to his Jewish wife, "Your father was the prophet Aaron and prophet Musa was your uncle."

Life: 594 - 674
Married: 630 - 632

• Her original name was Burrah, but Muhammad changed it to Maimunah.Her half-sisters, Asma bint Umais and Salma bint Umays, later married Abu Bakr and Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib.
• She married Muhammad when he was 60 years old and she was 36.
• Placing the marriage in 630.

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• Zaynab bint Khuzayma, the previous wife of Muhammad who had died earlier, was her half-sister.
• She dedicated herself to him and following the Qur'an.
• She lived with Muhammad for three years until his death.
• She died at the age of 80.

Life:  - 637
Married: 628 - 632

• Maria al-Qibtiyya was a Coptic Christian sex slave who was sent as a gift from Muqawqis, a Byzantine official, to the Islamic prophet Muhammad in 628.
• According to some Islamic accounts, she was Muhammad's wife, and therefore a "Mother of the Believers", other sources like Ibnul Qayyim talk about her being only a concubine.
• She was the mother of Muhammad's son Ibrahim, who died in infancy.

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• Her sister, Sirin, was also sent to Muhammad; Muhammad gave her to his follower Hassan ibn Thabit.
• Maria never remarried after Muhammad's death in 632, and died five years later.
• Her birthdate is unknown.
• No primary source mentions her age.